The Last Supper was commissioned by Duke Ludovico Sforza for the dining hall wall of the Santa Maria delle Grazie convent in Milan. The painting, which Leonardo worked on from 1495 to 1498, depicts the moment after Christ announces that one of the apostles dining with him will betray him. The twelve apostles react with varying degrees of outrage, shock and confusion.
Leonardo’s The Last Supper is considered one of the most significant and iconic masterpieces in the history of Western art for several reasons:
Subject Matter:
The Last Supper depicts the moment after Jesus announces that one of his disciples will betray him during the final meal before his crucifixion. This biblical scene is a crucial moment in Christian theology.
Innovative Composition:
Leonardo departed from traditional representations of the Last Supper by introducing new compositional elements. Instead of a static depiction, he created a dynamic scene with the disciples reacting individually to Jesus’ revelation. This innovative approach humanised the figures and added emotional depth to the narrative.
Rigorous Detail and Realism:
Leonardo’s attention to detail and commitment to realism are evident in the painting. He studied human anatomy, expressions, and perspectives to create lifelike figures. The architectural details of the room and the use of light and shadow further contribute to the realism of the scene.
Use of Chiaroscuro:
Leonardo’s mastery of chiaroscuro, the use of light and shadow to create
a three-dimensional effect, is showcased in The Last Supper. This technique enhances the dramatic atmosphere and gives depth to the composition.
Expression and Emotion:
Each disciple’s reaction to Jesus’ announcement is depicted with distinct expressions, revealing Leonardo’s ability to convey complex human emotions. The painting captures a range of responses, from shock and disbelief, to anger and sorrow.
Historical Influence:
Completed between 1495 and 1498, The Last Supper is a product of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural and artistic innovation. Leonardo’s approach to the subject influenced subsequent artists and set a new standard for narrative composition.
Restoration Challenges:
Over the centuries, the mural has faced significant deterioration. Numerous restoration attempts have been made to preserve the artwork, but its fragility adds to its historical and cultural importance.
Despite the challenges and the passage of time, Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper continues to captivate viewers, standing as a testament to the artist’s genius and his lasting impact on the art world.