The Church of Saint Dominic, or Igreja de São Domingos, in Lisbon holds a layered historical significance that extends beyond its religious role. Founded in 1241 by Friar Fernando Martins, later Saint Vincent of Saragossa, the church initially served as a center for the Dominican Order in Portugal. Its Gothic architecture was drastically altered after the devastating 1755 earthquake, which led to a Baroque-style reconstruction. Throughout the centuries, Saint Dominic's Church witnessed pivotal moments in Portuguese history, including royal events and the establishment of the Inquisition.
Beyond its Christian heritage, the church has ties to Lisbon's Jewish community. During the Middle Ages, the adjacent area housed a significant Jewish quarter. In 1506, it was the site of a tragic event known as the Lisbon Massacre, where hundreds of New Christians (Jews who had converted to Christianity) were killed in an anti-Semitic riot incited by accusations of host desecration. This event underscored the tensions and persecution faced by the Jewish community in Portugal during the Inquisition period.
The interior of Saint Dominic's Church reflects its rich and turbulent history. Adorned with gilded woodwork, intricate frescoes, and marble statues, the church's chapels feature elaborate altarpieces and religious artifacts. Despite suffering further fires in the 20th century, the church has undergone meticulous restoration efforts, preserving its architectural grandeur and cultural significance. Today, Saint Dominic's Church stands as a poignant symbol of Lisbon's religious heritage and a testament to the complex interplay of faith, history, and resilience in Portugal.