St George Castle, situated prominently atop Lisbon's highest hill, has been a cornerstone of the city's history for over a millennium. Originally built by the Moors in the mid-11th century, it was known as the Alcáçova, a defensive fortress overlooking the strategic port of Lisbon. When Lisbon was conquered by Christian forces in 1147 during the Reconquista led by King Afonso Henriques, the castle played a pivotal role in securing the city and establishing Portugal as an independent kingdom. It was during this period that the castle was dedicated to St George, the patron saint of knights and crusaders, reflecting its newfound Christian identity and symbolic importance.
Over the centuries, St George Castle underwent significant expansions and renovations under successive Portuguese monarchs, including King Dinis and King Ferdinand I, who further fortified its walls and added royal residences within its precincts. The castle's strategic position and formidable defenses made it a symbol of royal power and authority throughout the Middle Ages, serving not only as a residence for Portuguese kings but also as a military stronghold and administrative center.
In addition to its military and political roles, St George Castle witnessed numerous historical events, including royal weddings, diplomatic negotiations, and the transfer of royal treasures. It also played a defensive role during various conflicts, including the Portuguese Restoration War against Spain in the 17th century.
In the 20th century, St George Castle underwent extensive restoration efforts to preserve its historical and architectural significance. Today, visitors can explore its medieval walls, towers, and archaeological sites, as well as enjoy panoramic views of Lisbon, including landmarks such as the Tagus River, the Ponte 25 de Abril bridge, and the Baixa district. St George Castle stands as a testament to Lisbon's enduring heritage and is a popular destination for tourists seeking to delve into Portugal's rich history and cultural legacy.