2021 01 15 141211 1

Chapter 12: Escalation and Agreement

Until this point, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. had yet to take part in these marches. But, On August 5, 1966, King joined Al Raby, Mahlia Jackson, and about 500 open occupancy protests in a march destined for Marquette Park. During this event, an oppositional white mob of over 10,000 individuals gathered. Verbal abuse by this opposition escalated into physical violence. This included the infamous "rock throwing incident" where Dr. King was hit in the head behind his right ear by a baseball-sized rock causing him to fall onto one knee. King remarked he had never seen such hostility, even from southern demonstrations. 

On August 17, Mayor Richard J. Daley and the leadership of the Chicago Freedom Movement began negotiations at St. James Cathedral in downtown Chicago. During this meeting, the city stated they would limit the extent of protests downtown. This in turn caused marches to move out to the suburbs. The group of leaders met for a final time on August 26th and agreed to end the open housing demonstrations without exception. This came In exchange for many new promises. The city of Chicago was to create new commitments to promote fair housing. In addition, the Chicago Estate Board pledged to drop its opposition to (the?) state open-occupancy law. Political, business and religious leaders would also support the creation of an organization to fight for open housing throughout the Chicago metropolitan area. 

As part of this agreement, Dr. King agreed to cancel a march that had been scheduled for two days later. Following his departure from Chicago in 1967, Dr. King admitted the Summit Agreement did not address every issue he had hoped, but he walked away from the windy city knowing it was better than Northern counterparts such as Detroit, Philadelphia, and New York.

In Focus: The Chicago Freedom Movement & the Fight for Fair Housing exhibition tour
  1. Chapter 1: Chicago in the 1950s/1960s
  2. Jennetta Pegues, National Public Housing Museum, interview
  3. Byron Dickens, National Public Housing Museum, interview
  4. Chapter 2: White Flight
  5. Dorothy Tucker, HistoryMaker interview
  6. Chapter 3: Preventative Practices
  7. Art Minson, HistoryMaker Interview
  8. Chapter 4: Welcome to Elmhurst
  9. Chapter 5: Selma, The Turning Point
  10. Chapter 6: Focusing on the North
  11. Chapter 7: Grant Park to City Hall
  12. Chapter 8: Soldier Field
  13. Chapter 9: Summer of '66 Marches
  14. Chapter 10: Marquette Park
  15. Reverend Evan Clay, HistoryMakers interview
  16. Chapter 11: Remember Why You're Here, Brother
  17. Chapter 12: Escalation and Agreement
  18. Chapter 13: Federal and Local Fair Housing Laws
  19. Chapter 14: Depth of Field, Teens Project
  20. Chapter 15: The Movement is Not Over